How weighted GPA works
Every letter grade converts to points on a 4.0 scale — A is 4.0, B is 3.0, and so on. A weighted GPA then adds a bonus on top for courses your school considers harder, so that a student taking demanding classes is not penalised against one taking easy ones.
GPA = Σ(course points × credits) ÷ Σ(credits)
Regular +0.0 · Honors +0.5 · AP / IB +1.0
The bonus rides on the grade, not instead of it. An A in AP is 5.0; a C in AP is 3.0 — the same as an A in a regular class. Rigor helps, but it does not rescue a poor grade.
A worked example
These are the courses loaded above, one credit each:
Honors English — B+ → 3.3 + 0.5 = 3.8
Algebra II — A- → 3.7 + 0.0 = 3.7
World History — B → 3.0 + 0.0 = 3.0
weighted = (5.0 + 3.8 + 3.7 + 3.0) ÷ 4 = 3.88
unweighted = (4.0 + 3.3 + 3.7 + 3.0) ÷ 4 = 3.50
A 3.88 weighted, 3.50 unweighted. The two AP and Honors courses are worth 0.38 of GPA between them — meaningful, and worth knowing before you decide whether to add a third AP next year.
Is another AP worth it?
Run the arithmetic before you decide. Adding one AP course to a six-course schedule and earning an A adds roughly 0.17 to a weighted GPA. Earning a B in that same AP adds about 0.05 — and drops your unweighted GPA. The break-even is roughly: take the harder course if you can hold within one letter grade of what you would have earned in the easier one.
That is the arithmetic. The other half is that admissions officers read the transcript for rigor independently of the number, and a B in AP frequently reads better than an A in the regular section. The calculator cannot weigh that part for you.
Why your GPA gets harder to move
GPA is an average over everything you have taken, so its inertia grows every semester. One A in a one-credit course lifts a 3.5 GPA by about 0.06 after four courses, but by only 0.02 after twenty. A freshman year that goes badly is genuinely harder to recover from than a senior year that does — not because anyone weights it that way, but because there is less to average against early on.
The practical version: fix problems in the semester they happen. To see exactly where the next term lands your average, use the cumulative GPA calculator.
Before you trust the number
Weighting schemes vary more than almost anything else in US grading. Check your handbook for four things: which courses qualify for a bonus, how large the bonus is, whether the scale caps at 5.0, and whether non-academic courses count at all. If your school does something different, change the levels above to match — and the unweighted figure stays correct no matter what.
For a flat 4.0 college-style average, use the GPA calculator. To work out the letter grade in an individual class first, start with the weighted grade calculator.